A bottle of BEC (70 ml) contains 83 mg protein and peptide, 3.1 mg free amino acids, 0.8 mg hexose, 0.4 mg fat, and 3 mg caramel. The solid content consists mainly of proteins, amino acids, and peptides such as carnosine and anserine. BEC is produced by a process of water extraction from chicken meat for several hours under high temperature. The participants receiving chicken extract were given 1 bottle of Brand’s Essence of Chicken (BEC Cerebos Pacific Ltd., Singapore) twice a day (after breakfast and dinner) for 4 weeks. Īfter enrolment, the participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups in a placebo-controlled crossover manner to initially receive chicken essence or placebo drink ( Figure 1A). Evaluation sessions included cognitive task trials to assess selective attention because our previous study showed that mental fatigue specifically caused a decrease in the ability to maintain selective attention. To scientifically evaluate the anti-fatigue effect of chicken essence, we designed and conducted a placebo-controlled crossover study and evaluation sessions were performed just before and after the fatigue-inducing and rest sessions. Although the association between chicken essence and fatigue caused by mental workload has been indicated previously, that study design was totally different from ours in that it only compared chicken essence and placebo intake conditions administered for 7 days with an intra-subject design. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of chicken essence, specifically on mental fatigue, by means of our established mental fatigue-inducing task and evaluation methods. Therefore, chicken essence is a promising candidate as a remedy for fatigue. The antioxidant effect of imidazole peptide inhibits tissue damage and suppresses the reduction in performance level induced by mental fatigue. Chicken essence contains large amounts of imidazole dipeptides (carnosine and anserine), which are natural antioxidants in meat extract. Especially in Asian countries, it is widely taken for attenuation of fatigue, recovery from stress, and increasing mental efficiency. Chicken essence is used as a traditional remedy with various aims. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in traditional remedies for mental fatigue. However, we did not identify any anti-fatigue substances effective against mental fatigue. Both coenzyme Q10 and chicken essence improved physical performance and attenuated fatigue sensation due to fatigue-inducing workload trials. We have identified the anti-fatigue effects of oral substances such coenzyme Q10 and chicken essence for physical fatigue using a recently developed physical fatigue-inducing task and evaluation methods. To overcome these problems, we recently developed physical and mental fatigue-inducing tasks and appropriate methods for their evaluation. This may be because no standardized fatigue-inducing tasks with relatively short duration and no appropriate methods of evaluating fatigue have been developed.
At present there is little scientific evidence for their efficacy and few established regimens for the treatment of fatigue, but there is evidence that specific nutrients such as carbohydrate contribute to energy production and vitamin C contributes to antioxidation. Recently, naturally occurring nutrients and over-the-counter supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and taurine have been widely used with expectation of attenuating fatigue. Thus, it is important to establish remedies for fatigue. Fatigue can be defined as difficulty in initiating or sustaining voluntary activities this decreases efficiency in performing daily tasks and is a risk factor of various diseases. Fatigue is a common symptom both in sickness and in health.
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